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HTML
1036 lines
No EOL
27 KiB
HTML
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<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en" class="no-js">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
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<meta name="description" content="Poindexter Go Library Documentation">
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<meta name="author" content="Snider">
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<link rel="prev" href="../api/">
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<link rel="next" href="../license/">
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<link rel="icon" href="../assets/images/favicon.png">
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<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.1">
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<title>Performance - Poindexter</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/main.484c7ddc.min.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css">
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CRoboto+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
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<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style>
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<script>__md_scope=new URL("..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
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</head>
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<body dir="ltr" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo">
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<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
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<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
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<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
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<div data-md-component="skip">
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<a href="#performance-kdtree-benchmarks-and-guidance" class="md-skip">
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Skip to content
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</a>
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</div>
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<div data-md-component="announce">
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</div>
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<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
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<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="Header">
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<a href=".." title="Poindexter" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Poindexter" data-md-component="logo">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg>
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</a>
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg>
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</label>
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<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
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<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
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<div class="md-header__topic">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Poindexter
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</span>
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</div>
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<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Performance
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<form class="md-header__option" data-md-component="palette">
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<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo" aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for="__palette_1" hidden>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4m0 10a6 6 0 0 1-6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg>
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</label>
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|
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<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo" aria-label="Switch to light mode" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
|
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|
||
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to light mode" for="__palette_0" hidden>
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 18c-.89 0-1.74-.2-2.5-.55C11.56 16.5 13 14.42 13 12s-1.44-4.5-3.5-5.45C10.26 6.2 11.11 6 12 6a6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg>
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</label>
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</form>
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<script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script>
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
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</label>
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<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
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<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
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<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
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||
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
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||
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
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<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg>
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||
</label>
|
||
<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="Search">
|
||
|
||
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="Clear" aria-label="Clear" tabindex="-1">
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z"/></svg>
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</button>
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</nav>
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||
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest"></div>
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|
||
</form>
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||
<div class="md-search__output">
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||
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" tabindex="0" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
|
||
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
|
||
Initializing search
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
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||
</div>
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||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-header__source">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/Snider/Poindexter" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
|
||
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M439.6 236.1 244 40.5c-5.4-5.5-12.8-8.5-20.4-8.5s-15 3-20.4 8.4L162.5 81l51.5 51.5c27.1-9.1 52.7 16.8 43.4 43.7l49.7 49.7c34.2-11.8 61.2 31 35.5 56.7-26.5 26.5-70.2-2.9-56-37.3L240.3 199v121.9c25.3 12.5 22.3 41.8 9.1 55-6.4 6.4-15.2 10.1-24.3 10.1s-17.8-3.6-24.3-10.1c-17.6-17.6-11.1-46.9 11.2-56v-123c-20.8-8.5-24.6-30.7-18.6-45L142.6 101 8.5 235.1C3 240.6 0 247.9 0 255.5s3 15 8.5 20.4l195.6 195.7c5.4 5.4 12.7 8.4 20.4 8.4s15-3 20.4-8.4l194.7-194.7c5.4-5.4 8.4-12.8 8.4-20.4s-3-15-8.4-20.4"/></svg>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="md-source__repository">
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||
Snider/Poindexter
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||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
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||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
|
||
<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="Tabs" data-md-component="tabs">
|
||
<div class="md-grid">
|
||
<ul class="md-tabs__list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||
<a href=".." class="md-tabs__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Home
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||
<a href="../getting-started/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Getting Started
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||
<a href="../wasm/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
WebAssembly (Browser)
|
||
|
||
</a>
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||
</li>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
|
||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
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<a href="../dht-best-ping/" class="md-tabs__link">
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||
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||
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||
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||
Examples
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
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||
<a href="../api/" class="md-tabs__link">
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
API Reference
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
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||
<a href="./" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Performance
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||
|
||
</a>
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||
</li>
|
||
|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||
<a href="../license/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
License
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
|
||
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" >
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="Navigation" data-md-level="0">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
|
||
<a href=".." title="Poindexter" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Poindexter" data-md-component="logo">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
Poindexter
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__source">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/Snider/Poindexter" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
|
||
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M439.6 236.1 244 40.5c-5.4-5.5-12.8-8.5-20.4-8.5s-15 3-20.4 8.4L162.5 81l51.5 51.5c27.1-9.1 52.7 16.8 43.4 43.7l49.7 49.7c34.2-11.8 61.2 31 35.5 56.7-26.5 26.5-70.2-2.9-56-37.3L240.3 199v121.9c25.3 12.5 22.3 41.8 9.1 55-6.4 6.4-15.2 10.1-24.3 10.1s-17.8-3.6-24.3-10.1c-17.6-17.6-11.1-46.9 11.2-56v-123c-20.8-8.5-24.6-30.7-18.6-45L142.6 101 8.5 235.1C3 240.6 0 247.9 0 255.5s3 15 8.5 20.4l195.6 195.7c5.4 5.4 12.7 8.4 20.4 8.4s15-3 20.4-8.4l194.7-194.7c5.4-5.4 8.4-12.8 8.4-20.4s-3-15-8.4-20.4"/></svg>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="md-source__repository">
|
||
Snider/Poindexter
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href=".." class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Home
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../getting-started/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Getting Started
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../wasm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
WebAssembly (Browser)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Examples
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
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<h1 id="performance-kdtree-benchmarks-and-guidance">Performance: KDTree benchmarks and guidance</h1>
|
||
<p>This page summarizes how to measure KDTree performance in this repository and how to compare the two internal backends (Linear vs Gonum) that you can select at build/runtime.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="how-benchmarks-are-organized">How benchmarks are organized</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Micro-benchmarks live in <code>bench_kdtree_test.go</code>, <code>bench_kdtree_dual_test.go</code>, and <code>bench_kdtree_dual_100k_test.go</code> and cover:</li>
|
||
<li><code>Nearest</code> in 2D and 4D with N = 1k, 10k (both backends)</li>
|
||
<li><code>Nearest</code> in 2D and 4D with N = 100k (gonum-tag job; linear also measured there)</li>
|
||
<li><code>KNearest(k=10)</code> in 2D/4D with N = 1k, 10k</li>
|
||
<li><code>Radius</code> (mid radius r≈0.5 after normalization) in 2D/4D with N = 1k, 10k</li>
|
||
<li>Datasets: Uniform and 3-cluster synthetic generators in normalized [0,1] spaces.</li>
|
||
<li>Backends: Linear (always available) and Gonum (enabled when built with <code>-tags=gonum</code>).</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Run them locally:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="c1"># Linear backend (default)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a>go<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span>-bench<span class="w"> </span>.<span class="w"> </span>-benchmem<span class="w"> </span>-run<span class="o">=</span>^$<span class="w"> </span>./...
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="c1"># Gonum backend (optimized KD; requires build tag)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a>go<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span>-tags<span class="o">=</span>gonum<span class="w"> </span>-bench<span class="w"> </span>.<span class="w"> </span>-benchmem<span class="w"> </span>-run<span class="o">=</span>^$<span class="w"> </span>./...
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>GitHub Actions publishes benchmark artifacts on every push/PR:
|
||
- Linear job: artifact <code>bench-linear.txt</code>
|
||
- Gonum job: artifact <code>bench-gonum.txt</code></p>
|
||
<h2 id="backend-selection-and-defaults">Backend selection and defaults</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Default backend is Linear.</li>
|
||
<li>If you build with <code>-tags=gonum</code>, the default switches to the optimized KD backend.</li>
|
||
<li>You can override at runtime:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a>// Force Linear
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>kdt, _ := poindexter.NewKDTree(pts, poindexter.WithBackend(poindexter.BackendLinear))
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a>// Force Gonum (requires build tag)
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a>kdt, _ := poindexter.NewKDTree(pts, poindexter.WithBackend(poindexter.BackendGonum))
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>Supported metrics in the optimized backend: L2 (Euclidean), L1 (Manhattan), L∞ (Chebyshev). Cosine/Weighted-Cosine currently use the Linear backend.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="what-to-expect-rule-of-thumb">What to expect (rule of thumb)</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Linear backend: O(n) per query; fast for small-to-medium datasets (≤10k), especially in low dims (≤4).</li>
|
||
<li>Gonum backend: typically sub-linear for prunable datasets and dims ≤ ~8, with noticeable gains as N grows (≥10k–100k), especially on uniform or moderately clustered data and moderate radii.</li>
|
||
<li>For large radii (many points within r) or highly correlated/pathological data, pruning may be less effective and behavior approaches O(n) even with KD-trees.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="interpreting-results">Interpreting results</h2>
|
||
<p>Benchmarks output something like:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>BenchmarkNearest_10k_4D_Gonum_Uniform-8 50000 12,300 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>ns/op</code>: lower is better (nanoseconds per operation)</li>
|
||
<li><code>B/op</code> and <code>allocs/op</code>: memory behavior; fewer is better</li>
|
||
<li><code>KNearest</code> incurs extra work due to sorting; <code>Radius</code> cost scales with the number of hits.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="improving-performance">Improving performance</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Normalize and weight features once; reuse across queries (see <code>Build*WithStats</code> helpers).</li>
|
||
<li>Choose a metric aligned with your policy: L2 usually a solid default; L1 for per-axis penalties; L∞ for hard-threshold dominated objectives.</li>
|
||
<li>Batch queries to benefit from CPU caches.</li>
|
||
<li>Prefer the Gonum backend for larger N and dims ≤ ~8; stick to Linear for tiny datasets or when using Cosine metrics.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="reproducing-and-tracking-performance">Reproducing and tracking performance</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Local (Linear): <code>go test -bench . -benchmem -run=^$ ./...</code></li>
|
||
<li>Local (Gonum): <code>go test -tags=gonum -bench . -benchmem -run=^$ ./...</code></li>
|
||
<li>CI artifacts: download <code>bench-linear.txt</code> and <code>bench-gonum.txt</code> from the latest workflow run.</li>
|
||
<li>Optional: add historical trend graphs via Benchstat or Codecov integration.</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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