diff --git a/openapi.go b/openapi.go
index 3278b82..44da110 100644
--- a/openapi.go
+++ b/openapi.go
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ func (sb *SpecBuilder) Build(groups []RouteGroup) ([]byte, error) {
 		},
 		"securitySchemes": securitySchemeComponents(sb.SecuritySchemes),
 		"headers":         deprecationHeaderComponents(),
+		"responses":       responseComponents(),
 	}
 
 	return json.MarshalIndent(spec, "", "  ")
@@ -631,6 +632,78 @@ func deprecationHeaderComponents() map[string]any {
 	}
 }
 
+// responseComponents returns reusable OpenAPI response objects for the
+// common error cases exposed by the framework. The path operations still
+// inline their concrete headers so existing callers keep the same output,
+// but these components make the response catalogue available for reuse.
+func responseComponents() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"BadRequest": map[string]any{
+			"description": "Bad request",
+			"content": map[string]any{
+				"application/json": map[string]any{
+					"schema": envelopeSchema(nil),
+				},
+			},
+			"headers": standardResponseHeaders(),
+		},
+		"Unauthorized": map[string]any{
+			"description": "Unauthorised",
+			"content": map[string]any{
+				"application/json": map[string]any{
+					"schema": envelopeSchema(nil),
+				},
+			},
+			"headers": standardResponseHeaders(),
+		},
+		"Forbidden": map[string]any{
+			"description": "Forbidden",
+			"content": map[string]any{
+				"application/json": map[string]any{
+					"schema": envelopeSchema(nil),
+				},
+			},
+			"headers": standardResponseHeaders(),
+		},
+		"RateLimitExceeded": map[string]any{
+			"description": "Too many requests",
+			"content": map[string]any{
+				"application/json": map[string]any{
+					"schema": envelopeSchema(nil),
+				},
+			},
+			"headers": mergeHeaders(standardResponseHeaders(), rateLimitHeaders()),
+		},
+		"GatewayTimeout": map[string]any{
+			"description": "Gateway timeout",
+			"content": map[string]any{
+				"application/json": map[string]any{
+					"schema": envelopeSchema(nil),
+				},
+			},
+			"headers": standardResponseHeaders(),
+		},
+		"InternalServerError": map[string]any{
+			"description": "Internal server error",
+			"content": map[string]any{
+				"application/json": map[string]any{
+					"schema": envelopeSchema(nil),
+				},
+			},
+			"headers": standardResponseHeaders(),
+		},
+		"Gone": map[string]any{
+			"description": "Gone",
+			"content": map[string]any{
+				"application/json": map[string]any{
+					"schema": envelopeSchema(nil),
+				},
+			},
+			"headers": mergeHeaders(standardResponseHeaders(), deprecationResponseHeaders(true, "", "")),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
 // securitySchemeComponents builds the OpenAPI security scheme registry.
 // bearerAuth stays available by default, while callers can add or override
 // additional scheme definitions for custom security requirements.
diff --git a/openapi_test.go b/openapi_test.go
index f726ca0..18fd5b7 100644
--- a/openapi_test.go
+++ b/openapi_test.go
@@ -257,6 +257,39 @@ func TestSpecBuilder_Good_CustomSecuritySchemesAreMerged(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSpecBuilder_Good_CommonResponseComponentsArePublished(t *testing.T) {
+	sb := &api.SpecBuilder{
+		Title:   "Test",
+		Version: "1.0.0",
+	}
+
+	data, err := sb.Build(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var spec map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &spec); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid JSON: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	components := spec["components"].(map[string]any)
+	responses := components["responses"].(map[string]any)
+	for _, name := range []string{
+		"BadRequest",
+		"Unauthorized",
+		"Forbidden",
+		"RateLimitExceeded",
+		"GatewayTimeout",
+		"InternalServerError",
+		"Gone",
+	} {
+		if _, ok := responses[name]; !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %s response component in spec", name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSpecBuilder_Good_SwaggerUIPathExtension(t *testing.T) {
 	sb := &api.SpecBuilder{
 		Title:       "Test",