diff --git a/api.go b/api.go
index c9b17e8..dddae8e 100644
--- a/api.go
+++ b/api.go
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ func (e *Engine) Groups() []RouteGroup {
 
 // GroupsIter returns an iterator over all registered route groups.
 func (e *Engine) GroupsIter() iter.Seq[RouteGroup] {
-	return slices.Values(e.groups)
+	groups := slices.Clone(e.groups)
+	return slices.Values(groups)
 }
 
 // Register adds a route group to the engine.
@@ -94,8 +95,9 @@ func (e *Engine) Channels() []string {
 
 // ChannelsIter returns an iterator over WebSocket channel names from registered StreamGroups.
 func (e *Engine) ChannelsIter() iter.Seq[string] {
+	groups := slices.Clone(e.groups)
 	return func(yield func(string) bool) {
-		for _, g := range e.groups {
+		for _, g := range groups {
 			if sg, ok := g.(StreamGroup); ok {
 				for _, c := range sg.Channels() {
 					if !yield(c) {
diff --git a/modernization_test.go b/modernization_test.go
index 21d08a2..1212a72 100644
--- a/modernization_test.go
+++ b/modernization_test.go
@@ -27,6 +27,28 @@ func TestEngine_GroupsIter(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestEngine_GroupsIter_Good_SnapshotsCurrentGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	e, _ := api.New()
+	g1 := &healthGroup{}
+	g2 := &stubGroup{}
+	e.Register(g1)
+
+	iter := e.GroupsIter()
+	e.Register(g2)
+
+	var groups []api.RouteGroup
+	for g := range iter {
+		groups = append(groups, g)
+	}
+
+	if len(groups) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected iterator snapshot to contain 1 group, got %d", len(groups))
+	}
+	if groups[0].Name() != "health-extra" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected snapshot to preserve original group, got %q", groups[0].Name())
+	}
+}
+
 type streamGroupStub struct {
 	healthGroup
 	channels []string
@@ -52,6 +74,26 @@ func TestEngine_ChannelsIter(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestEngine_ChannelsIter_Good_SnapshotsCurrentChannels(t *testing.T) {
+	e, _ := api.New()
+	g1 := &streamGroupStub{channels: []string{"ch1", "ch2"}}
+	g2 := &streamGroupStub{channels: []string{"ch3"}}
+	e.Register(g1)
+
+	iter := e.ChannelsIter()
+	e.Register(g2)
+
+	var channels []string
+	for ch := range iter {
+		channels = append(channels, ch)
+	}
+
+	expected := []string{"ch1", "ch2"}
+	if !slices.Equal(channels, expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected snapshot channels %v, got %v", expected, channels)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestToolBridge_Iterators(t *testing.T) {
 	b := api.NewToolBridge("/tools")
 	desc := api.ToolDescriptor{Name: "test", Group: "g1"}