Add explicit DNS runtime alias

Co-Authored-By: Virgil <virgil@lethean.io>

action.go

@@ -25,10 +25,19 @@ var (
 )
 
 const (
-	actionArgBind = "bind"
-	actionArgIP   = "ip"
-	actionArgName = "name"
-	actionArgPort = "port"
+	actionArgBind             = "bind"
+	actionArgBindAddress      = "bindAddress"
+	actionArgBindAddressSnake = "bind_address"
+	actionArgIP               = "ip"
+	actionArgAddress          = "address"
+	actionArgName             = "name"
+	actionArgHost             = "host"
+	actionArgHostName         = "hostname"
+	actionArgPort             = "port"
+	actionArgDNSPort          = "dnsPort"
+	actionArgDNSPortSnake     = "dns_port"
+	actionArgHealthPort       = "health_port"
+	actionArgHealthPortCamel  = "healthPort"
 )
 
 type ActionDefinition struct {
@@ -40,7 +49,7 @@ type ActionDefinition struct {
 // ActionRegistrar publishes DNS actions into another Core surface.
 //
 //	registrar.RegisterAction(ActionResolve, func(values map[string]any) (any, bool, error) {
-//		return service.ResolveAddress("gateway.charon.lthn")
+//		return service.ResolveAddresses("gateway.charon.lthn")
 //	})
 type ActionRegistrar interface {
 	RegisterAction(name string, invoke func(map[string]any) (any, bool, error))
@@ -75,6 +84,7 @@ type ActionCaller interface {
 //	for _, definition := range definitions {
 //		fmt.Println(definition.Name)
 //	}
+//	// dns.resolve, dns.resolve.txt, dns.resolve.all, dns.reverse, dns.serve, dns.health, dns.discover
 func (service *Service) ActionDefinitions() []ActionDefinition {
 	return []ActionDefinition{
 		{
@@ -137,13 +147,13 @@ func (service *Service) ActionDefinitions() []ActionDefinition {
 				if err := service.DiscoverAliases(context.Background()); err != nil {
 					return nil, false, err
 				}
-				return service.Health(), true, nil
+				return nil, true, nil
 			},
 			InvokeContext: func(ctx context.Context, _ map[string]any) (any, bool, error) {
 				if err := service.DiscoverAliases(ctx); err != nil {
 					return nil, false, err
 				}
-				return service.Health(), true, nil
+				return nil, true, nil
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -166,6 +176,7 @@ func (service *Service) ActionNames() []string {
 //
 //	service.RegisterActions(registrar)
 //	// registrar.RegisterAction("dns.health", ...)
+//	// registrar.RegisterActionContext("dns.discover", func(ctx context.Context, values map[string]any) (any, bool, error) { ... })
 func (service *Service) RegisterActions(registrar ActionRegistrar) {
 	if registrar == nil {
 		return
@@ -191,6 +202,8 @@ func (service *Service) RegisterActions(registrar ActionRegistrar) {
 
 // NewServiceWithRegistrar builds a DNS service and registers its actions in one step.
 //
+// Deprecated: use NewDNSServiceWithRegistrar for a more explicit constructor name.
+//
 //	service := dns.NewServiceWithRegistrar(dns.ServiceConfiguration{}, registrar)
 //	// registrar now exposes dns.resolve, dns.resolve.txt, dns.resolve.all, dns.reverse, dns.serve, dns.health, dns.discover
 func NewServiceWithRegistrar(options ServiceOptions, registrar ActionRegistrar) *Service {
@@ -200,6 +213,14 @@ func NewServiceWithRegistrar(options ServiceOptions, registrar ActionRegistrar)
 	return NewService(options)
 }
 
+// NewDNSServiceWithRegistrar builds a DNS service and registers its actions in one step.
+//
+//	service := dns.NewDNSServiceWithRegistrar(dns.ServiceConfiguration{}, registrar)
+//	// registrar now exposes dns.resolve, dns.resolve.txt, dns.resolve.all, dns.reverse, dns.serve, dns.health, dns.discover
+func NewDNSServiceWithRegistrar(options ServiceOptions, registrar ActionRegistrar) *Service {
+	return NewServiceWithRegistrar(options, registrar)
+}
+
 // HandleAction executes a DNS action by name.
 //
 //	payload, ok, err := service.HandleAction(ActionResolve, map[string]any{
@@ -231,11 +252,11 @@ func (service *Service) HandleActionContext(ctx context.Context, name string, va
 
 func (service *Service) handleResolveAddress(ctx context.Context, values map[string]any) (any, bool, error) {
 	_ = ctx
-	host, err := stringActionValue(values, actionArgName)
+	host, err := stringActionValueFromKeys(values, actionArgName, actionArgHost, actionArgHostName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, false, err
 	}
-	result, ok := service.ResolveAddress(host)
+	result, ok := service.ResolveAddresses(host)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, false, nil
 	}
@@ -244,7 +265,7 @@ func (service *Service) handleResolveAddress(ctx context.Context, values map[str
 
 func (service *Service) handleResolveTXTRecords(ctx context.Context, values map[string]any) (any, bool, error) {
 	_ = ctx
-	host, err := stringActionValue(values, actionArgName)
+	host, err := stringActionValueFromKeys(values, actionArgName, actionArgHost, actionArgHostName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, false, err
 	}
@@ -257,7 +278,7 @@ func (service *Service) handleResolveTXTRecords(ctx context.Context, values map[
 
 func (service *Service) handleResolveAll(ctx context.Context, values map[string]any) (any, bool, error) {
 	_ = ctx
-	host, err := stringActionValue(values, actionArgName)
+	host, err := stringActionValueFromKeys(values, actionArgName, actionArgHost, actionArgHostName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, false, err
 	}
@@ -270,7 +291,7 @@ func (service *Service) handleResolveAll(ctx context.Context, values map[string]
 
 func (service *Service) handleReverseLookup(ctx context.Context, values map[string]any) (any, bool, error) {
 	_ = ctx
-	ip, err := stringActionValue(values, actionArgIP)
+	ip, err := stringActionValueFromKeys(values, actionArgIP, actionArgAddress, actionArgName, actionArgHost, actionArgHostName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, false, err
 	}
@@ -283,17 +304,37 @@ func (service *Service) handleReverseLookup(ctx context.Context, values map[stri
 
 func (service *Service) handleServe(ctx context.Context, values map[string]any) (any, bool, error) {
 	_ = ctx
-	bind, err := stringActionValueOptional(values, actionArgBind)
+	bind, _, err := stringActionValueOptionalFromKeys(values, actionArgBind, actionArgBindAddress, actionArgBindAddressSnake)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, false, err
 	}
-	port, portProvided, err := intActionValueOptional(values, actionArgPort)
+	port, portProvided, err := intActionValueOptionalFromKeys(values, actionArgPort, actionArgDNSPort, actionArgDNSPortSnake)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, false, err
 	}
 	if !portProvided {
 		port = service.ResolveDNSPort()
 	}
+
+	healthPort, healthPortProvided, err := intActionValueOptionalFromKeys(values, actionArgHealthPort, actionArgHealthPortCamel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+	if !healthPortProvided && service.httpPort > 0 {
+		runtime, err := service.ServeAll(bind, port, service.httpPort)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, err
+		}
+		return runtime, true, nil
+	}
+	if healthPortProvided {
+		runtime, err := service.ServeAll(bind, port, healthPort)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, err
+		}
+		return runtime, true, nil
+	}
+
 	result, err := service.Serve(bind, port)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, false, err
@@ -319,6 +360,46 @@ func stringActionValue(values map[string]any, key string) (string, error) {
 	return "", errActionMissingValue
 }
 
+func lookupActionValue(values map[string]any, keys ...string) (any, string, bool) {
+	if values == nil {
+		return nil, "", false
+	}
+
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		if value, exists := values[key]; exists {
+			return value, key, true
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		for alias, value := range values {
+			if strings.EqualFold(alias, key) {
+				return value, alias, true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, "", false
+}
+
+func stringActionValueFromKeys(values map[string]any, keys ...string) (string, error) {
+	value, key, found := lookupActionValue(values, keys...)
+	if !found {
+		return "", errActionMissingValue
+	}
+	text, ok := value.(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errActionMissingValue, key)
+	}
+
+	text = strings.TrimSpace(text)
+	if text == "" {
+		return "", errActionMissingValue
+	}
+
+	return text, nil
+}
+
 func stringActionValueOptional(values map[string]any, key string) (string, error) {
 	if values == nil {
 		return "", nil
@@ -334,6 +415,18 @@ func stringActionValueOptional(values map[string]any, key string) (string, error
 	return strings.TrimSpace(value), nil
 }
 
+func stringActionValueOptionalFromKeys(values map[string]any, keys ...string) (string, bool, error) {
+	value, key, found := lookupActionValue(values, keys...)
+	if !found {
+		return "", false, nil
+	}
+	text, ok := value.(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errActionMissingValue, key)
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(text), true, nil
+}
+
 func intActionValue(values map[string]any, key string) (int, error) {
 	if values == nil {
 		return 0, errActionMissingValue
@@ -420,3 +513,26 @@ func intActionValueOptional(values map[string]any, key string) (int, bool, error
 	}
 	return value, true, nil
 }
+
+func intActionValueOptionalFromKeys(values map[string]any, keys ...string) (int, bool, error) {
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		value, valueProvided, err := intActionValueOptional(values, key)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, false, err
+		}
+		if valueProvided {
+			return value, true, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	value, key, found := lookupActionValue(values, keys...)
+	if !found {
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+	intValue, err := intActionValue(map[string]any{key: value}, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false, err
+	}
+
+	return intValue, true, nil
+}

go.mod

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@ module dappco.re/go/dns
 
 go 1.22
 
-require github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.62
+require (
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.62
+	github.com/patrickmn/go-cache v2.1.0+incompatible
+)
 
 require (
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.62 h1:cN8OuEF1/x5Rq6Np+h1epln8OiyPWV+lROx9LxcGgIQ=
 github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.62/go.mod h1:mvDlcItzm+br7MToIKqkglaGhlFMHJ9DTNNWONWXbNQ=
+github.com/patrickmn/go-cache v2.1.0+incompatible h1:HRMgzkcYKYpi3C8ajMPV8OFXaaRUnok+kx1WdO15EQc=
+github.com/patrickmn/go-cache v2.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:3Qf8kWWT7OJRJbdiICTKqZju1ZixQ/KpMGzzAfe6+WQ=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0 h1:5+9lSbEzPSdWkH32vYPBwEpX8KwDbM52Ud9xBUvNlb0=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=

hsd.go

@@ -28,6 +28,20 @@ type HSDClientOptions struct {
 	HTTPClient *http.Client
 }
 
+// HSDClientConfiguration is the explicit long-form alias for HSDClientOptions.
+//
+//	client := dns.NewHSDClientFromConfiguration(dns.HSDClientConfiguration{
+//		URL:      "http://127.0.0.1:14037",
+//		Username: "user",
+//		Password: "pass",
+//	})
+type HSDClientConfiguration = HSDClientOptions
+
+// HSDClientConfig is kept for compatibility with older call sites.
+//
+// Deprecated: use HSDClientConfiguration instead.
+type HSDClientConfig = HSDClientOptions
+
 type HSDClient struct {
 	baseURL    string
 	username   string
@@ -93,6 +107,28 @@ func NewHSDClient(options HSDClientOptions) *HSDClient {
 	}
 }
 
+// NewHSDClientFromOptions is the explicit long-form constructor name.
+//
+//	client := dns.NewHSDClientFromOptions(dns.HSDClientOptions{
+//		URL:      "http://127.0.0.1:14037",
+//		Username: "user",
+//		Password: "pass",
+//	})
+func NewHSDClientFromOptions(options HSDClientOptions) *HSDClient {
+	return NewHSDClient(options)
+}
+
+// NewHSDClientFromConfiguration is the explicit constructor name for the HSD configuration alias.
+//
+//	client := dns.NewHSDClientFromConfiguration(dns.HSDClientConfiguration{
+//		URL:      "http://127.0.0.1:14037",
+//		Username: "user",
+//		Password: "pass",
+//	})
+func NewHSDClientFromConfiguration(options HSDClientConfiguration) *HSDClient {
+	return NewHSDClient(options)
+}
+
 func (client *HSDClient) GetNameResource(ctx context.Context, name string) (NameRecords, error) {
 	normalized := strings.TrimSpace(name)
 	if normalized == "" {
@@ -185,51 +221,127 @@ func (client *HSDClient) call(ctx context.Context, request HSDRPCRequest) (json.
 }
 
 func parseHSDNameResource(raw json.RawMessage) (NameRecords, error) {
-	var result NameRecords
 	var wrapper map[string]json.RawMessage
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &wrapper); err != nil {
-		return result, err
+		return NameRecords{}, err
 	}
 
 	if recordsRaw, ok := wrapper["records"]; ok {
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(recordsRaw, &result); err != nil {
+		result, err := parseHSDNameResourceRecords(recordsRaw)
+		if err != nil {
 			return NameRecords{}, err
 		}
 		return result, nil
 	}
 
-	if _, ok := wrapper["a"]; ok {
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &result); err != nil {
+	if hasHSDNameResourceField(wrapper) {
+		result, err := parseHSDNameResourceRecords(raw)
+		if err != nil {
 			return NameRecords{}, err
 		}
 		return result, nil
 	}
 
-	var wrapped struct {
-		A      []string `json:"a"`
-		AAAA   []string `json:"aaaa"`
-		TXT    []string `json:"txt"`
-		NS     []string `json:"ns"`
-		DS     []string `json:"ds"`
-		DNSKEY []string `json:"dnskey"`
-		RRSIG  []string `json:"rrsig"`
-	}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &wrapped); err == nil {
-		result = NameRecords{
-			A:      wrapped.A,
-			AAAA:   wrapped.AAAA,
-			TXT:    wrapped.TXT,
-			NS:     wrapped.NS,
-			DS:     wrapped.DS,
-			DNSKEY: wrapped.DNSKEY,
-			RRSIG:  wrapped.RRSIG,
-		}
-		return result, nil
-	}
-
 	return NameRecords{}, errors.New("unable to parse getnameresource result")
 }
 
+func getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields map[string]json.RawMessage, key string) json.RawMessage {
+	if fields == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for candidate, value := range fields {
+		if strings.EqualFold(candidate, key) {
+			return value
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func parseHSDNameResourceRecords(raw json.RawMessage) (NameRecords, error) {
+	var fields map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &fields); err != nil {
+		return NameRecords{}, err
+	}
+
+	a, err := parseHSDRecordValue(getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "a"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return NameRecords{}, err
+	}
+	aaaa, err := parseHSDRecordValue(getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "aaaa"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return NameRecords{}, err
+	}
+	txt, err := parseHSDRecordValue(getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "txt"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return NameRecords{}, err
+	}
+	ns, err := parseHSDRecordValue(getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "ns"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return NameRecords{}, err
+	}
+	ds, err := parseHSDRecordValue(getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "ds"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return NameRecords{}, err
+	}
+	dnsKey, err := parseHSDRecordValue(getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "dnskey"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return NameRecords{}, err
+	}
+	rrSig, err := parseHSDRecordValue(getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "rrsig"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return NameRecords{}, err
+	}
+
+	return NameRecords{
+		A:      a,
+		AAAA:   aaaa,
+		TXT:    txt,
+		NS:     ns,
+		DS:     ds,
+		DNSKEY: dnsKey,
+		RRSIG:  rrSig,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func hasHSDNameResourceField(fields map[string]json.RawMessage) bool {
+	if len(fields) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "a") != nil ||
+		getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "aaaa") != nil ||
+		getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "txt") != nil ||
+		getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "ns") != nil ||
+		getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "ds") != nil ||
+		getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "dnskey") != nil ||
+		getCaseInsensitiveRecordField(fields, "rrsig") != nil
+}
+
+func parseHSDRecordValue(raw json.RawMessage) ([]string, error) {
+	if len(bytes.TrimSpace(raw)) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	if trimmed := bytes.TrimSpace(raw); bytes.Equal(trimmed, []byte("null")) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var values []string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &values); err == nil {
+		return values, nil
+	}
+
+	var value string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &value); err == nil {
+		if value == "" {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return []string{value}, nil
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse DNS record field")
+}
+
 func parseHSDBlockchainInfo(raw json.RawMessage) (HSDBlockchainInfo, error) {
 	var info HSDBlockchainInfo
 	var wrapper map[string]json.RawMessage

hsd_test.go

@@ -52,6 +52,18 @@ func TestHSDClientGetNameResourceCallsRPCAndParsesResult(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestNewHSDClientFromOptionsMatchesNewHSDClient(t *testing.T) {
+	clientFromOptions := NewHSDClientFromOptions(HSDClientOptions{URL: "http://127.0.0.1:14037"})
+	clientFromConfiguration := NewHSDClientFromConfiguration(HSDClientConfiguration{URL: "http://127.0.0.1:14037"})
+
+	if clientFromOptions == nil || clientFromConfiguration == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected explicit HSD constructors to return clients")
+	}
+	if clientFromOptions.baseURL != clientFromConfiguration.baseURL {
+		t.Fatalf("expected explicit HSD constructors to normalize the same base URL, got %q and %q", clientFromOptions.baseURL, clientFromConfiguration.baseURL)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHSDClientGetNameResourceParsesWrappedRecords(t *testing.T) {
 	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(responseWriter http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
 		var payload struct {
@@ -92,6 +104,50 @@ func TestHSDClientGetNameResourceParsesWrappedRecords(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestHSDClientGetNameResourceParsesCaseInsensitiveFields(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(responseWriter http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		var payload struct {
+			Method string `json:"method"`
+		}
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&payload); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected request payload: %v", err)
+		}
+		if payload.Method != "getnameresource" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected method getnameresource, got %s", payload.Method)
+		}
+
+		responseWriter.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(responseWriter).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"result": map[string]any{
+				"records": map[string]any{
+					"A":   []string{"10.10.10.10"},
+					"Txt": []string{"v=lthn1 type=case"},
+					"NS":  []string{"ns.example.lthn"},
+				},
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	client := NewHSDClient(HSDClientOptions{
+		URL: server.URL,
+	})
+
+	record, err := client.GetNameResource(context.Background(), "case.lthn")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected getnameresource error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(record.A) != 1 || record.A[0] != "10.10.10.10" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected wrapped A result with mixed-case key: %#v", record.A)
+	}
+	if len(record.TXT) != 1 || record.TXT[0] != "v=lthn1 type=case" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected wrapped TXT result with mixed-case key: %#v", record.TXT)
+	}
+	if len(record.NS) != 1 || record.NS[0] != "ns.example.lthn" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected wrapped NS result with mixed-case key: %#v", record.NS)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHSDClientGetNameResourceParsesDSRecords(t *testing.T) {
 	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(responseWriter http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
 		var payload struct {
@@ -168,6 +224,48 @@ func TestHSDClientGetNameResourceParsesDNSSECRecords(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestHSDClientGetNameResourceParsesSingleValueDNSSECRecords(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(responseWriter http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		var payload struct {
+			Method string `json:"method"`
+		}
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&payload); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected request payload: %v", err)
+		}
+		if payload.Method != "getnameresource" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected method getnameresource, got %s", payload.Method)
+		}
+
+		responseWriter.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(responseWriter).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"result": map[string]any{
+				"dnskey": "257 3 13 AA==",
+				"rrsig":  "A 8 2 3600 20260101000000 20250101000000 12345 gateway.lthn. AA==",
+				"ds":     "60485 8 2 A1B2C3D4E5F60718293A4B5C6D7E8F9012345678",
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	client := NewHSDClient(HSDClientOptions{
+		URL: server.URL,
+	})
+
+	record, err := client.GetNameResource(context.Background(), "gateway.lthn")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected getnameresource error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(record.DNSKEY) != 1 || record.DNSKEY[0] != "257 3 13 AA==" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected DNSKEY result: %#v", record.DNSKEY)
+	}
+	if len(record.RRSIG) != 1 || record.RRSIG[0] != "A 8 2 3600 20260101000000 20250101000000 12345 gateway.lthn. AA==" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected RRSIG result: %#v", record.RRSIG)
+	}
+	if len(record.DS) != 1 || record.DS[0] != "60485 8 2 A1B2C3D4E5F60718293A4B5C6D7E8F9012345678" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected DS result: %#v", record.DS)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHSDClientGetBlockchainInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(responseWriter http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
 		var payload struct {

http_server.go

@@ -34,6 +34,13 @@ func (server *HealthServer) Address() string {
 	return server.HealthAddress()
 }
 
+// StartHealthServer is an explicit convenience wrapper around ServeHTTPHealth.
+//
+//	health, err := service.StartHealthServer("127.0.0.1", 5554)
+func (service *Service) StartHealthServer(bind string, port int) (*HealthServer, error) {
+	return service.ServeHTTPHealth(bind, port)
+}
+
 func (server *HealthServer) Close() error {
 	if server == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -65,7 +72,7 @@ func (service *Service) ServeHTTPHealth(bind string, port int) (*HealthServer, e
 		bind = "127.0.0.1"
 	}
 	if port <= 0 {
-		port = service.resolveHTTPPort()
+		port = service.resolveHealthPort()
 	}
 
 	address := net.JoinHostPort(bind, strconv.Itoa(port))

mainchain.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 )
 
@@ -25,6 +26,20 @@ type MainchainClientOptions struct {
 	HTTPClient *http.Client
 }
 
+// MainchainAliasClientConfiguration is the explicit long-form alias for MainchainClientOptions.
+//
+//	client := dns.NewMainchainAliasClientFromConfiguration(dns.MainchainAliasClientConfiguration{
+//		URL:      "http://127.0.0.1:14037",
+//		Username: "user",
+//		Password: "pass",
+//	})
+type MainchainAliasClientConfiguration = MainchainClientOptions
+
+// MainchainAliasClientConfig is kept for compatibility with older call sites.
+//
+// Deprecated: use MainchainAliasClientConfiguration instead.
+type MainchainAliasClientConfig = MainchainClientOptions
+
 type MainchainAliasClient struct {
 	baseURL    string
 	username   string
@@ -70,6 +85,28 @@ func NewMainchainAliasClient(options MainchainClientOptions) *MainchainAliasClie
 	}
 }
 
+// NewMainchainAliasClientFromOptions is the explicit long-form constructor name.
+//
+//	client := dns.NewMainchainAliasClientFromOptions(dns.MainchainClientOptions{
+//		URL:      "http://127.0.0.1:14037",
+//		Username: "user",
+//		Password: "pass",
+//	})
+func NewMainchainAliasClientFromOptions(options MainchainClientOptions) *MainchainAliasClient {
+	return NewMainchainAliasClient(options)
+}
+
+// NewMainchainAliasClientFromConfiguration is the explicit constructor name for the main-chain configuration alias.
+//
+//	client := dns.NewMainchainAliasClientFromConfiguration(dns.MainchainAliasClientConfiguration{
+//		URL:      "http://127.0.0.1:14037",
+//		Username: "user",
+//		Password: "pass",
+//	})
+func NewMainchainAliasClientFromConfiguration(options MainchainAliasClientConfiguration) *MainchainAliasClient {
+	return NewMainchainAliasClient(options)
+}
+
 // GetAllAliasDetails returns alias names mapped to HNS DNS names.
 //
 //	client := dns.NewMainchainAliasClient(dns.MainchainClientOptions{
@@ -222,19 +259,39 @@ func decodeString(raw json.RawMessage) (string, bool) {
 }
 
 func extractAliasFromComment(comment string) string {
-	for _, token := range strings.Fields(comment) {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(token, "hns=") {
-			return normalizeName(strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(token, "hns="), ";"))
+	fields := strings.Fields(comment)
+	for index, token := range fields {
+		normalizedToken := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(token))
+		switch {
+		case strings.HasPrefix(normalizedToken, "hns="):
+			alias := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(normalizedToken, "hns="), ";")
+			if alias != "" {
+				return normalizeName(alias)
+			}
+		case normalizedToken == "hns" && index+2 < len(fields):
+			nextToken := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(fields[index+1]))
+			if nextToken != "=" && nextToken != ":" && nextToken != ":=" {
+				continue
+			}
+			alias := strings.TrimSpace(fields[index+2])
+			alias = strings.TrimSuffix(alias, ";")
+			alias = strings.TrimSuffix(alias, ",")
+			if alias != "" {
+				return normalizeName(alias)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	if marker := strings.Index(comment, "hns="); marker >= 0 {
-		alias := comment[marker+4:]
-		if trim := strings.IndexAny(alias, " ;,"); trim >= 0 {
+	commentLower := strings.ToLower(comment)
+	if marker := strings.Index(commentLower, "hns"); marker >= 0 {
+		alias := comment[marker+3:]
+		alias = strings.TrimLeft(alias, " \t:=;")
+		if trim := strings.IndexAny(alias, " ;,\t\r\n"); trim >= 0 {
 			alias = alias[:trim]
 		}
 		alias = strings.TrimSpace(alias)
 		alias = strings.TrimSuffix(alias, ";")
+		alias = strings.TrimSuffix(alias, ",")
 		return normalizeName(alias)
 	}
 
@@ -255,5 +312,6 @@ func normalizeAliasList(raw []string) []string {
 		seen[next] = true
 		normalized = append(normalized, next)
 	}
+	slices.Sort(normalized)
 	return normalized
 }

mainchain_test.go

@@ -54,6 +54,18 @@ func TestMainchainClientGetsAliasDetailsAndParsesHNSComments(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestNewMainchainAliasClientFromOptionsMatchesNewMainchainAliasClient(t *testing.T) {
+	clientFromOptions := NewMainchainAliasClientFromOptions(MainchainClientOptions{URL: "http://127.0.0.1:14037"})
+	clientFromConfiguration := NewMainchainAliasClientFromConfiguration(MainchainAliasClientConfiguration{URL: "http://127.0.0.1:14037"})
+
+	if clientFromOptions == nil || clientFromConfiguration == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected explicit main-chain constructors to return clients")
+	}
+	if clientFromOptions.baseURL != clientFromConfiguration.baseURL {
+		t.Fatalf("expected explicit main-chain constructors to normalize the same base URL, got %q and %q", clientFromOptions.baseURL, clientFromConfiguration.baseURL)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestServiceDiscoverFromMainchainAliasesUsesMainchainThenHSD(t *testing.T) {
 	var chainCalls int32
 	var hsdTreeRootCalls int32
@@ -559,3 +571,48 @@ func TestServiceDiscoverFromMainchainAliasesFallsBackToChainClientWhenPrimaryDis
 		t.Fatalf("expected one tree-root and two name-resource RPC calls, got treeRoot=%d nameResource=%d", atomic.LoadInt32(&hsdTreeRootCalls), atomic.LoadInt32(&hsdAliasCalls))
 	}
 }
+
+func TestExtractAliasFromCommentParsesCaseInsensitiveHNSPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	got := extractAliasFromComment("gateway alias HNS=gateway.charon.lthn")
+	if got != "gateway.charon.lthn" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected gateway.charon.lthn, got %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractAliasFromCommentParsesSpacedHNSAssignment(t *testing.T) {
+	got := extractAliasFromComment("gateway alias hns = gateway.charon.lthn;")
+	if got != "gateway.charon.lthn" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected gateway.charon.lthn, got %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewServiceBuildsMainchainAliasClientWithHSDFallbackCredentials(t *testing.T) {
+	service := NewService(ServiceOptions{
+		MainchainURL: "http://127.0.0.1:14037",
+		HSDUsername:  "mainchain-user",
+		HSDPassword:  "mainchain-pass",
+		HSDApiKey:    "ignored-token",
+	})
+
+	if service.mainchainAliasClient == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default mainchain alias client with fallback credentials")
+	}
+	if got := service.mainchainAliasClient.username; got != "mainchain-user" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected mainchain username to fall back to hsd username, got %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := service.mainchainAliasClient.password; got != "mainchain-pass" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected mainchain password to fall back to hsd password, got %q", got)
+	}
+
+	serviceFromToken := NewService(ServiceOptions{
+		MainchainURL: "http://127.0.0.1:14037",
+		HSDUsername:  "token-user",
+		HSDApiKey:    "token-pass",
+	})
+	if serviceFromToken.mainchainAliasClient == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default mainchain alias client with fallback token credentials")
+	}
+	if got := serviceFromToken.mainchainAliasClient.password; got != "token-pass" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected mainchain password to fall back to hsd api key token, got %q", got)
+	}
+}

serve.go

@@ -30,23 +30,60 @@ type DNSServer struct {
 //	defer func() { _ = runtime.Close() }()
 //	fmt.Println(runtime.DNSAddress(), runtime.HealthAddress())
 type ServiceRuntime struct {
-	DNS    *DNSServer
+	// DNSServer is the explicit name for the DNS listener.
+	DNSServer *DNSServer
+	// DNS is retained for compatibility with older call sites.
+	DNS *DNSServer
+	// HealthServer is the explicit name for the `/health` listener.
+	HealthServer *HealthServer
+	// Health is retained for compatibility with older call sites.
 	Health *HealthServer
 	// HTTP is retained for compatibility with older call sites.
 	HTTP *HealthServer
+	// HTTPServer is the explicit name for the `/health` listener when the
+	// HTTP surface is addressed directly.
+	HTTPServer *HealthServer
+}
+
+// DNSServiceRuntime is the explicit long-form alias for ServiceRuntime.
+//
+//	runtime, err := service.ServeAll("127.0.0.1", 53, 5554)
+//	var dnsRuntime dns.DNSServiceRuntime = *runtime
+//	fmt.Println(dnsRuntime.DNSAddress(), dnsRuntime.HealthAddress())
+type DNSServiceRuntime = ServiceRuntime
+
+// Address is the compatibility alias for HealthAddress.
+//
+//	runtime, err := service.ServeAll("127.0.0.1", 53, 5554)
+//	defer func() { _ = runtime.Close() }()
+//	fmt.Println(runtime.Address())
+func (runtime *ServiceRuntime) Address() string {
+	return runtime.HealthAddress()
 }
 
 func (runtime *ServiceRuntime) DNSAddress() string {
-	if runtime == nil || runtime.DNS == nil {
+	if runtime == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
-	return runtime.DNS.DNSAddress()
+	if runtime.DNSServer != nil {
+		return runtime.DNSServer.DNSAddress()
+	}
+	if runtime.DNS != nil {
+		return runtime.DNS.DNSAddress()
+	}
+	return ""
 }
 
 func (runtime *ServiceRuntime) HealthAddress() string {
 	if runtime == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
+	if runtime.HealthServer != nil {
+		return runtime.HealthServer.HealthAddress()
+	}
+	if runtime.HTTPServer != nil {
+		return runtime.HTTPServer.HealthAddress()
+	}
 	if runtime.Health != nil {
 		return runtime.Health.HealthAddress()
 	}
@@ -67,17 +104,32 @@ func (runtime *ServiceRuntime) Close() error {
 	}
 
 	var firstError error
-	if runtime.DNS != nil {
+	if runtime.DNSServer != nil {
+		if err := runtime.DNSServer.Close(); err != nil && firstError == nil {
+			firstError = err
+		}
+	}
+	if runtime.DNS != nil && runtime.DNS != runtime.DNSServer {
 		if err := runtime.DNS.Close(); err != nil && firstError == nil {
 			firstError = err
 		}
 	}
-	if runtime.Health != nil {
+	if runtime.HealthServer != nil {
+		if err := runtime.HealthServer.Close(); err != nil && firstError == nil {
+			firstError = err
+		}
+	}
+	if runtime.HTTPServer != nil && runtime.HTTPServer != runtime.HealthServer {
+		if err := runtime.HTTPServer.Close(); err != nil && firstError == nil {
+			firstError = err
+		}
+	}
+	if runtime.Health != nil && runtime.Health != runtime.HealthServer {
 		if err := runtime.Health.Close(); err != nil && firstError == nil {
 			firstError = err
 		}
 	}
-	if runtime.HTTP != nil && runtime.HTTP != runtime.Health {
+	if runtime.HTTP != nil && runtime.HTTP != runtime.HealthServer && runtime.HTTP != runtime.Health {
 		if err := runtime.HTTP.Close(); err != nil && firstError == nil {
 			firstError = err
 		}
@@ -104,14 +156,18 @@ func (server *DNSServer) Close() error {
 	if server.tcpListener != nil {
 		_ = server.tcpListener.Close()
 	}
-	var err error
+	var firstError error
 	if server.udpServer != nil {
-		err = server.udpServer.Shutdown()
+		if err := server.udpServer.Shutdown(); err != nil && firstError == nil {
+			firstError = err
+		}
 	}
 	if server.tcpServer != nil {
-		err = server.tcpServer.Shutdown()
+		if err := server.tcpServer.Shutdown(); err != nil && firstError == nil {
+			firstError = err
+		}
 	}
-	return err
+	return firstError
 }
 
 // ResolveDNSPort returns the DNS port used for `dns.serve` and `Serve`.
@@ -119,22 +175,50 @@ func (server *DNSServer) Close() error {
 //	port := service.ResolveDNSPort()
 //	server, err := service.Serve("127.0.0.1", port)
 func (service *Service) ResolveDNSPort() int {
-	if service == nil || service.dnsPort <= 0 {
+	if service == nil {
+		return DefaultDNSPort
+	}
+	if service.dnsPort <= 0 {
 		return DefaultDNSPort
 	}
 	return service.dnsPort
 }
 
+// DNSListenPort resolves the configured DNS listen port for `dns.serve`.
+//
+//	port := service.DNSListenPort()
+//	server, err := service.Serve("127.0.0.1", port)
+func (service *Service) DNSListenPort() int {
+	if service == nil {
+		return DefaultDNSPort
+	}
+	return service.ResolveDNSPort()
+}
+
 // DNSPort is an explicit alias for ResolveDNSPort.
 //
 //	port := service.DNSPort()
 //	server, err := service.Serve("127.0.0.1", port)
 func (service *Service) DNSPort() int {
+	if service == nil {
+		return DefaultDNSPort
+	}
 	return service.ResolveDNSPort()
 }
 
-// resolveServePort keeps internal callers aligned with existing behavior.
+// resolveDNSListenPort keeps internal callers aligned with explicit naming.
+func (service *Service) resolveDNSListenPort() int {
+	if service == nil {
+		return DefaultDNSPort
+	}
+	return service.DNSListenPort()
+}
+
+// resolveServePort is a legacy compatibility helper.
 func (service *Service) resolveServePort() int {
+	if service == nil {
+		return DefaultDNSPort
+	}
 	return service.ResolveDNSPort()
 }
 
@@ -143,22 +227,73 @@ func (service *Service) resolveServePort() int {
 //	port := service.ResolveHTTPPort()
 //	healthServer, err := service.ServeHTTPHealth("127.0.0.1", port)
 func (service *Service) ResolveHTTPPort() int {
-	if service == nil || service.httpPort <= 0 {
+	return service.ResolveHealthPort()
+}
+
+// ResolveHealthPort returns the health listener port used by `ServeHTTPHealth`.
+//
+//	port := service.ResolveHealthPort()
+//	healthServer, err := service.ServeHTTPHealth("127.0.0.1", port)
+func (service *Service) ResolveHealthPort() int {
+	if service == nil {
+		return DefaultHTTPPort
+	}
+	if service.httpPort <= 0 {
 		return DefaultHTTPPort
 	}
 	return service.httpPort
 }
 
+// HTTPListenPort resolves the configured health/listener port for `dns.serve`.
+//
+//	port := service.HTTPListenPort()
+//	server, err := service.ServeHTTPHealth("127.0.0.1", port)
+func (service *Service) HTTPListenPort() int {
+	return service.ResolveHealthPort()
+}
+
+// HealthListenPort is the explicit alias for ResolveHealthPort.
+//
+//	port := service.HealthListenPort()
+//	server, err := service.ServeHTTPHealth("127.0.0.1", port)
+func (service *Service) HealthListenPort() int {
+	return service.ResolveHealthPort()
+}
+
+// HealthPort returns the health listener port used by `ServeHTTPHealth`.
+//
+//	port := service.HealthPort()
+//	healthServer, err := service.ServeHTTPHealth("127.0.0.1", port)
+func (service *Service) HealthPort() int {
+	return service.ResolveHealthPort()
+}
+
 // HTTPPort is an explicit alias for ResolveHTTPPort.
 //
 //	port := service.HTTPPort()
 //	healthServer, err := service.ServeHTTPHealth("127.0.0.1", port)
 func (service *Service) HTTPPort() int {
-	return service.ResolveHTTPPort()
+	return service.ResolveHealthPort()
 }
 
+// resolveHTTPListenPort keeps internal callers aligned with explicit naming.
+func (service *Service) resolveHTTPListenPort() int {
+	return service.ResolveHealthPort()
+}
+
+// resolveHealthListenPort keeps internal callers aligned with explicit naming.
+func (service *Service) resolveHealthListenPort() int {
+	return service.ResolveHealthPort()
+}
+
+// resolveHTTPPort is a legacy compatibility helper.
 func (service *Service) resolveHTTPPort() int {
-	return service.ResolveHTTPPort()
+	return service.ResolveHealthPort()
+}
+
+// resolveHealthPort is a legacy compatibility helper.
+func (service *Service) resolveHealthPort() int {
+	return service.ResolveHealthPort()
 }
 
 // Serve starts DNS over UDP and TCP.
@@ -168,9 +303,15 @@ func (service *Service) resolveHTTPPort() int {
 //	lookup := new(dnsprotocol.Msg)
 //	lookup.SetQuestion("gateway.charon.lthn.", dnsprotocol.TypeA)
 func (service *Service) Serve(bind string, port int) (*DNSServer, error) {
+	if service == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("service is required")
+	}
 	if bind == "" {
 		bind = "127.0.0.1"
 	}
+	if port <= 0 {
+		port = service.ResolveDNSPort()
+	}
 	addr := net.JoinHostPort(bind, strconv.Itoa(port))
 
 	udpListener, err := net.ListenPacket("udp", addr)
@@ -207,17 +348,41 @@ func (service *Service) Serve(bind string, port int) (*DNSServer, error) {
 	return dnsServer, nil
 }
 
+// StartDNSServer is an explicit convenience wrapper around Serve.
+//
+//	dnsServer, err := service.StartDNSServer("127.0.0.1", 53)
+func (service *Service) StartDNSServer(bind string, port int) (*DNSServer, error) {
+	return service.Serve(bind, port)
+}
+
+// StartDNSAndHealth is an explicit convenience wrapper around ServeAll.
+//
+//	runtime, err := service.StartDNSAndHealth("127.0.0.1", 53, 5554)
+func (service *Service) StartDNSAndHealth(bind string, dnsPort int, healthPort int) (*ServiceRuntime, error) {
+	return service.ServeAll(bind, dnsPort, healthPort)
+}
+
+// ServeDNSAndHealth is the explicit alias for ServeAll.
+//
+//	runtime, err := service.ServeDNSAndHealth("127.0.0.1", 53, 5554)
+func (service *Service) ServeDNSAndHealth(bind string, dnsPort int, httpPort int) (*ServiceRuntime, error) {
+	return service.ServeAll(bind, dnsPort, httpPort)
+}
+
 // ServeAll starts DNS and health together.
 //
 //	runtime, err := service.ServeAll("127.0.0.1", 53, 5554)
 //	defer func() { _ = runtime.Close() }()
 //	fmt.Println("dns:", runtime.DNSAddress(), "health:", runtime.HealthAddress())
 func (service *Service) ServeAll(bind string, dnsPort int, httpPort int) (*ServiceRuntime, error) {
-	if dnsPort == 0 {
-		dnsPort = service.dnsPort
+	if service == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("service is required")
+	}
+	if dnsPort <= 0 {
+		dnsPort = service.resolveDNSListenPort()
 	}
 	if httpPort <= 0 {
-		httpPort = service.resolveHTTPPort()
+		httpPort = service.resolveHealthListenPort()
 	}
 
 	dnsServer, err := service.Serve(bind, dnsPort)
@@ -232,9 +397,12 @@ func (service *Service) ServeAll(bind string, dnsPort int, httpPort int) (*Servi
 	}
 
 	return &ServiceRuntime{
-		DNS:    dnsServer,
-		Health: httpServer,
-		HTTP:   httpServer,
+		DNSServer:    dnsServer,
+		DNS:          dnsServer,
+		HealthServer: httpServer,
+		Health:       httpServer,
+		HTTP:         httpServer,
+		HTTPServer:   httpServer,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -246,9 +414,19 @@ func (service *Service) ServeAll(bind string, dnsPort int, httpPort int) (*Servi
 //	})
 //	runtime, err := service.ServeConfigured("127.0.0.1")
 func (service *Service) ServeConfigured(bind string) (*ServiceRuntime, error) {
+	if service == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("service is required")
+	}
 	return service.ServeAll(bind, service.dnsPort, service.httpPort)
 }
 
+// StartConfigured is an explicit convenience wrapper around ServeConfigured.
+//
+//	runtime, err := service.StartConfigured("127.0.0.1")
+func (service *Service) StartConfigured(bind string) (*ServiceRuntime, error) {
+	return service.ServeConfigured(bind)
+}
+
 type dnsRequestHandler struct {
 	service *Service
 }
@@ -285,7 +463,7 @@ func (handler *dnsRequestHandler) ServeDNS(responseWriter dnsprotocol.ResponseWr
 		if !found {
 			goto noRecord
 		}
-		for _, value := range record.A {
+		for _, value := range normalizeRecordValues(record.A) {
 			parsedIP := net.ParseIP(value)
 			if parsedIP == nil || parsedIP.To4() == nil {
 				continue
@@ -299,7 +477,7 @@ func (handler *dnsRequestHandler) ServeDNS(responseWriter dnsprotocol.ResponseWr
 		if !found {
 			goto noRecord
 		}
-		for _, value := range record.AAAA {
+		for _, value := range normalizeRecordValues(record.AAAA) {
 			parsedIP := net.ParseIP(value)
 			if parsedIP == nil || parsedIP.To4() != nil {
 				continue
@@ -313,7 +491,7 @@ func (handler *dnsRequestHandler) ServeDNS(responseWriter dnsprotocol.ResponseWr
 		if !found {
 			goto noRecord
 		}
-		for _, value := range record.TXT {
+		for _, value := range normalizeRecordValues(record.TXT) {
 			reply.Answer = append(reply.Answer, &dnsprotocol.TXT{
 				Hdr: dnsprotocol.RR_Header{Name: question.Name, Rrtype: dnsprotocol.TypeTXT, Class: dnsprotocol.ClassINET, Ttl: defaultDNSTTL},
 				Txt: []string{value},
@@ -321,7 +499,7 @@ func (handler *dnsRequestHandler) ServeDNS(responseWriter dnsprotocol.ResponseWr
 		}
 	case dnsprotocol.TypeNS:
 		if found {
-			for _, value := range record.NS {
+			for _, value := range normalizeRecordValues(record.NS) {
 				reply.Answer = append(reply.Answer, &dnsprotocol.NS{
 					Hdr: dnsprotocol.RR_Header{Name: question.Name, Rrtype: dnsprotocol.TypeNS, Class: dnsprotocol.ClassINET, Ttl: defaultDNSTTL},
 					Ns:  normalizeName(value) + ".",
@@ -383,17 +561,17 @@ func (handler *dnsRequestHandler) ServeDNS(responseWriter dnsprotocol.ResponseWr
 		if !found {
 			goto noRecord
 		}
-		appendDNSSECResourceRecords(reply, question.Name, dnsprotocol.TypeDS, record.DS)
+		appendDNSSECResourceRecords(reply, question.Name, dnsprotocol.TypeDS, normalizeRecordValues(record.DS))
 	case dnsprotocol.TypeDNSKEY:
 		if !found {
 			goto noRecord
 		}
-		appendDNSSECResourceRecords(reply, question.Name, dnsprotocol.TypeDNSKEY, record.DNSKEY)
+		appendDNSSECResourceRecords(reply, question.Name, dnsprotocol.TypeDNSKEY, normalizeRecordValues(record.DNSKEY))
 	case dnsprotocol.TypeRRSIG:
 		if !found {
 			goto noRecord
 		}
-		appendDNSSECResourceRecords(reply, question.Name, dnsprotocol.TypeRRSIG, record.RRSIG)
+		appendDNSSECResourceRecords(reply, question.Name, dnsprotocol.TypeRRSIG, normalizeRecordValues(record.RRSIG))
 	default:
 		reply.SetRcode(request, dnsprotocol.RcodeNotImplemented)
 		_ = responseWriter.WriteMsg(reply)
@@ -466,7 +644,7 @@ func parsePTRIP(name string) (string, bool) {
 }
 
 func appendAnyAnswers(reply *dnsprotocol.Msg, questionName string, lookupName string, record NameRecords, zoneApex string) {
-	for _, value := range record.A {
+	for _, value := range normalizeRecordValues(record.A) {
 		parsedIP := net.ParseIP(value)
 		if parsedIP == nil || parsedIP.To4() == nil {
 			continue
@@ -477,7 +655,7 @@ func appendAnyAnswers(reply *dnsprotocol.Msg, questionName string, lookupName st
 		})
 	}
 
-	for _, value := range record.AAAA {
+	for _, value := range normalizeRecordValues(record.AAAA) {
 		parsedIP := net.ParseIP(value)
 		if parsedIP == nil || parsedIP.To4() != nil {
 			continue
@@ -488,7 +666,7 @@ func appendAnyAnswers(reply *dnsprotocol.Msg, questionName string, lookupName st
 		})
 	}
 
-	for _, value := range record.TXT {
+	for _, value := range normalizeRecordValues(record.TXT) {
 		reply.Answer = append(reply.Answer, &dnsprotocol.TXT{
 			Hdr: dnsprotocol.RR_Header{Name: questionName, Rrtype: dnsprotocol.TypeTXT, Class: dnsprotocol.ClassINET, Ttl: defaultDNSTTL},
 			Txt: []string{value},
@@ -496,7 +674,7 @@ func appendAnyAnswers(reply *dnsprotocol.Msg, questionName string, lookupName st
 	}
 
 	if len(record.NS) > 0 {
-		for _, value := range record.NS {
+		for _, value := range normalizeRecordValues(record.NS) {
 			reply.Answer = append(reply.Answer, &dnsprotocol.NS{
 				Hdr: dnsprotocol.RR_Header{Name: questionName, Rrtype: dnsprotocol.TypeNS, Class: dnsprotocol.ClassINET, Ttl: defaultDNSTTL},
 				Ns:  normalizeName(value) + ".",
@@ -504,15 +682,15 @@ func appendAnyAnswers(reply *dnsprotocol.Msg, questionName string, lookupName st
 		}
 	}
 
-	for _, value := range record.DNSKEY {
+	for _, value := range normalizeRecordValues(record.DNSKEY) {
 		appendDNSSECResourceRecords(reply, questionName, dnsprotocol.TypeDNSKEY, []string{value})
 	}
 
-	for _, value := range record.DS {
+	for _, value := range normalizeRecordValues(record.DS) {
 		appendDNSSECResourceRecords(reply, questionName, dnsprotocol.TypeDS, []string{value})
 	}
 
-	for _, value := range record.RRSIG {
+	for _, value := range normalizeRecordValues(record.RRSIG) {
 		appendDNSSECResourceRecords(reply, questionName, dnsprotocol.TypeRRSIG, []string{value})
 	}