added ip safety guidelines
Signed-off-by: ravaga <trueravaga@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
ravaga
parent
029526b3fb
commit
401dd1f3c6
11 changed files with 220 additions and 112 deletions
8
docs/stake/_category_.json
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8
docs/stake/_category_.json
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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
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{
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"label": "Staking",
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"position": 3,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"description": "Learn how to stake Zano and earn rewards through Proof-of-Stake mining."
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}
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}
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8
docs/stake/advanced-setup/_category_.json
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8
docs/stake/advanced-setup/_category_.json
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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
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{
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"label": "Advanced Setup",
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"position": 3,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"description": "Advanced staking configurations for servers and automated setups."
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}
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}
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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---
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sidebar_position: 3
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sidebar_position: 1
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---
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# Server/Console mode Staking
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@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ sidebar_position: 2
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## Introduction
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Staking is an important aspect of Zano, users should be able to effortlessly stake their Zano upon system startup without any intervention, for this we’ll use PM2. PM2 makes it possible to daemonize applications so that they will run in the background as a service.
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Staking is an important aspect of Zano, users should be able to effortlessly stake their Zano upon system startup without any intervention, for this we'll use PM2. PM2 makes it possible to daemonize applications so that they will run in the background as a service.
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## Install Node.js & NPM
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We’ll also need Node.js, Installing Node.js and NPM is super easy, simply head over to the download page and download the relevant version, their website allows you to download Node.js the way you want.
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We'll also need Node.js, Installing Node.js and NPM is super easy, simply head over to the download page and download the relevant version, their website allows you to download Node.js the way you want.
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### Windows
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@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ sudo apt install nodejs npm
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sudo pacman -S npm nodejs
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```
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You can now type the following to ensure they’re installed and check version:
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You can now type the following to ensure they're installed and check version:
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```
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node -v
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@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Which will then show you a temp mountpoint, this will look something like:
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`/tmp/.mount_zano-lHATDRi`
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2. Navigate to this folder, (you may need to check **‘show hidden files’**) then go to the `usr > bin` folder and copy zanod and simplewallet to a folder of your choosing.
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2. Navigate to this folder, (you may need to check **'show hidden files'**) then go to the `usr > bin` folder and copy zanod and simplewallet to a folder of your choosing.
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@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ The error: `Script not found: ...\start` is expected, you can ignore it.
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#### Linux
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```
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pm2 start simplewallet -- --wallet-file example.wallet --password <password> --rpc-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 --rpc-bind-port 11212 --daemon-address 127.0.0.1:11211 --do-pos-mining
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pm2 start simplewallet -- --wallet-file example.wallet --password <password> --rpc-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 --rpc-bind-port 11212 --daemon-address 127.0.0.1:11211 --do-pos-mining
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```
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### PM2 tips
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@ -255,4 +255,4 @@ pm2 start <ID>
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## Conclusion
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You’re now staking your Zano, on system startup automatically.
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You're now staking your Zano, on system startup automatically.
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8
docs/stake/getting-started/_category_.json
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8
docs/stake/getting-started/_category_.json
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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
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{
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"label": "Getting Started",
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"position": 2,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"description": "Learn the basics of staking Zano and start earning rewards."
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}
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}
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41
docs/stake/getting-started/estimating-pos-rewards.md
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41
docs/stake/getting-started/estimating-pos-rewards.md
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@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
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---
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sidebar_position: 2
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---
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# Estimating PoS Rewards
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Proof-of-stake earnings depend on the current PoS difficulty and the number of coins being staked. The more coins you stake, the better chance you have to "win" the right to sign the next PoS block. Of course, it's important to estimate your chances and predict how much you can earn in some way. **The most straightforward way to do so is to use the community-made [Staking Simulator](https://zanostats.com/staking).**
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:::note
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Please keep in mind that this is just an estimation and can vary heavily. Similarly to PoW, you only get a reward if your stake wins a block, and since block creation is probabilistic, your rewards are too.
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:::
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## Manual Calculation
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You can calculate your estimation manually using the following approach:
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First, we need to get the current PoS difficulty, which can be found in the [block explorer](https://explorer.zano.org/). This value is then divided by `1000000000000=10¹²`, which in the Zano network is one coin basis.
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Second, we again divide it by 288. This operation lets us take the PoS mining timestamp frame into account. Without further details, this factor provides hash variety in PoS mining and can be somewhere between 256 and 320. It's reasonable to use the value of 288 here.
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Now we have an estimation of how many coins participate in PoS mining currently as:
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```mdx-code-block
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$$
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C = D_{PoS} \thinspace / \thinspace 288 \thinspace / \thinspace 10^{12} = D_{PoS} \cdot 2.88 \cdot 10^{-14}
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$$
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Where $C$ is the total amount of coins participating in PoS mining, and $D_{PoS} \thinspace$ is the current PoS difficulty.
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```
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As you may know, the Zano network emits an average of 1 coin each minute with a 50-50 spread between PoS and PoW. That makes it 720 potential PoS reward coins per day. So if you owned all the coins in PoS, that could be your total daily earnings. And if you divide C*C* by 720, you will get the number of coins you need to mine 1 Zano coin a day. Now, you can estimate the number of coins you will earn as:
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```mdx-code-block
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$$
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E_{daily} = \frac{720 \cdot N}{C} \approx \frac{2.07 \cdot 10^{17} \cdot N}{D_{PoS}}
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$$
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Where $\thinspace E_{daily} \thinspace$ is the estimated number of coins you'll earn per day, and $N$ is the number of coins you're staking.
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```
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60
docs/stake/getting-started/proof-of-stake-mining.md
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60
docs/stake/getting-started/proof-of-stake-mining.md
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@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
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---
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sidebar_position: 1
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---
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# Staking Zano
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Proof-of-stake mining or staking is typically implemented in such a way that a random coin owner obtains the right to sign a new block. Zano PoS implementation keeps miners in full anonymity and is as simple as a push of a button.
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## Benefits of Zano Staking
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- 100% Anonymous: Your staked balance always remains hidden thanks to our [Zarcanum Technology.](https://docs.zano.org/docs/learn/zano-features/overview#zarcanum-anonymous-proof-of-stake)
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- No lock-ups: Unstake your coins at any chosen time.
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- No minimum amounts: Stake any amount of ZANO you want.
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- Truly decentralized: Anyone can start staking. There are **no** validators or special nodes.
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- No slashing.
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- Easy-to-use: Flip the switch and start staking.
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The only requirement is to run a Zano node (currently, this can only be done on a desktop device). The Zano desktop wallet automatically functions as a Zano node.
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There is no "delegation" function in Zano Staking, as we believe that it goes against network decentralization, and running a Zano node takes very few resources.
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## How to Stake Zano
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Simply open the Zano desktop wallet, make sure the blockchain is synchronised, and turn on the `Staking` switch.
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```mdx-code-block
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<div style={{ position: 'relative', paddingBottom: '56.25%', height: 0 }}>
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<iframe
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src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VruRhPSasPU"
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title="YouTube video player"
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style={{
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position: 'absolute',
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top: 0,
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left: 0,
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width: '100%',
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height: '100%'
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}}
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frameBorder="0"
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allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
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allowFullScreen
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/>
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</div>
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```
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:::tip
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You can observe your progress in the `Staking` tab of your staking wallet. The amount of earnings depends on the wallet balance. You can switch `Staking` on and off without any limitations.
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:::
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## Estimating Your Rewards
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To understand how much you can earn from staking, check out our guide on [Estimating PoS Rewards](./estimating-pos-rewards.md). This includes both a simple calculator tool and detailed mathematical formulas for manual calculations.
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49
docs/stake/overview.md
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49
docs/stake/overview.md
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@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
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---
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sidebar_position: 1
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---
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# Staking Overview
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Welcome to the Zano staking documentation! This section will guide you through everything you need to know about staking Zano and earning rewards through Proof-of-Stake mining.
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## What is Staking?
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Staking in Zano is a way to earn rewards by participating in the network's consensus mechanism. Unlike traditional Proof-of-Work mining that requires expensive hardware, staking allows you to earn rewards simply by keeping your Zano wallet running and connected to the network.
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## Key Benefits
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- **100% Anonymous**: Your staked balance remains hidden thanks to Zarcanum technology
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- **No Lock-ups**: Unstake your coins at any time
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- **No Minimum Amounts**: Stake any amount of ZANO
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- **Truly Decentralized**: No validators or special nodes required
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- **No Slashing**: No penalties for going offline
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- **Easy to Use**: Just flip a switch to start staking
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## Getting Started
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If you're new to staking, start with our **[Getting Started](./getting-started/proof-of-stake-mining.md)** guide, which covers:
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- How to stake using the desktop wallet
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- Understanding your potential rewards
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- Basic staking concepts
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## Advanced Setup
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For more advanced users, our **[Advanced Setup](./advanced-setup/)** section includes:
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- Server/console mode staking
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- Automated staking on system startup
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- CLI wallet configurations
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## Security & Best Practices
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Before staking significant amounts, review our **[Security & Best Practices](./security/)** section for:
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- Hardware requirements and recommendations
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- Security best practices
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- IP anonymization techniques
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- Network configuration tips
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## Ready to Start?
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Begin your staking journey with our [Getting Started guide](./getting-started/proof-of-stake-mining.md)!
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@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
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---
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sidebar_position: 1
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---
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# Staking Zano
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Proof-of-stake mining or staking is typically implemented in such a way that a random coin owner obtains the right to sign a new block. Zano PoS implementation keeps miners in full anonymity and is as simple as a push of a button.
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## Benefits of Zano Staking
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- 100% Anonymous: Your staked balance always remains hidden thanks to our [Zarcanum Technology.](https://docs.zano.org/docs/learn/zano-features/overview#zarcanum-anonymous-proof-of-stake)
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- No lock-ups: Unstake your coins at any chosen time.
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- No minimum amounts: Stake any amount of ZANO you want.
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- Truly decentralized: Anyone can start staking. There are **no** validators or special nodes.
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- No slashing.
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- Easy-to-use: Flip the switch and start staking.
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The only requirement is to run a Zano node (currently, this can only be done on a desktop device). The Zano desktop wallet automatically functions as a Zano node.
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There is no "delegation" function in Zano Staking, as we believe that it goes against network decentralization, and running a Zano node takes very few resources.
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## How to Stake Zano
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Simply open the Zano desktop wallet, make sure the blockchain is synchronised, and turn on the `Staking` switch.
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```mdx-code-block
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<div style={{ position: 'relative', paddingBottom: '56.25%', height: 0 }}>
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<iframe
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src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VruRhPSasPU"
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title="YouTube video player"
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style={{
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position: 'absolute',
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top: 0,
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left: 0,
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width: '100%',
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height: '100%'
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}}
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frameBorder="0"
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allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
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allowFullScreen
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/>
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</div>
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```
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:::tip
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You can observe your progress in the `Staking` tab of your staking wallet. The amount of earnings depends on the wallet balance. You can switch `Staking` on and off without any limitations.
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:::
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## Estimating PoS Rewards
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Proof-of-stake earnings depend on the current PoS difficulty and the number of coins being staked. The more coins you stake, the better chance you have to “win” the right to sign the next PoS block. Of course, it’s important to estimate your chances and predict how much you can earn in some way. **The most straightforward way to do so is to use the community-made [Staking Simulator](https://zanostats.com/staking).**
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:::note
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Please keep in mind that this is just an estimation and can vary heavily. Similarly to PoW, you only get a reward if your stake wins a block, and since block creation is probabilistic, your rewards are too.
|
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|
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:::
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|
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You can calculate your estimation manually using the following approach:
|
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|
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First, we need to get the current PoS difficulty, which can be found in the [block explorer](https://explorer.zano.org/). This value is then divided by `1000000000000=10¹²`, which in the Zano network is one coin basis.
|
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|
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Second, we again divide it by 288. This operation lets us take the PoS mining timestamp frame into account. Without further details, this factor provides hash variety in PoS mining and can be somewhere between 256 and 320. It’s reasonable to use the value of 288 here.
|
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|
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Now we have an estimation of how many coins participate in PoS mining currently as:
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```mdx-code-block
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$$
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C = D_{PoS} \thinspace / \thinspace 288 \thinspace / \thinspace 10^{12} = D_{PoS} \cdot 2.88 \cdot 10^{-14}
|
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$$
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Where $C$ is the total amount of coins participating in PoS mining, and $D_{PoS} \thinspace$ is the current PoS difficulty.
|
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```
|
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|
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As you may know, the Zano network emits an average of 1 coin each minute with a 50-50 spread between PoS and PoW. That makes it 720 potential PoS reward coins per day. So if you owned all the coins in PoS, that could be your total daily earnings. And if you divide C*C* by 720, you will get the number of coins you need to mine 1 Zano coin a day. Now, you can estimate the number of coins you will earn as:
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|
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```mdx-code-block
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$$
|
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E_{daily} = \frac{720 \cdot N}{C} \approx \frac{2.07 \cdot 10^{17} \cdot N}{D_{PoS}}
|
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$$
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Where $\thinspace E_{daily} \thinspace$ is the estimated number of coins you'll earn per day, and $N$ is the number of coins you're staking.
|
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```
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8
docs/stake/security/_category_.json
Normal file
8
docs/stake/security/_category_.json
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
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{
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"label": "Security & Best Practices",
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"position": 4,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"description": "Security recommendations and best practices for safe staking."
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}
|
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}
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@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
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---
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sidebar_position: 1
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---
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# Staking Recommendations
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In this article we describe our recommendations for configuring secure Zano staking.
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|
@ -6,13 +10,13 @@ In this article we describe our recommendations for configuring secure Zano stak
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## Hardware Requirements
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Although the daemon and wallet can run on relatively modest configurations, we strongly recommend using computers that meet at least the minimum requirements listed below. Running Zano on a weaker system will increase latency as network load grows and reduce staking efficiency. In some peak‑load situations, lack of resources may cause the operating system to forcibly terminate the daemon—for example, on Unix‑like systems with little RAM the kernel’s OOM killer may stop the most resource‑hungry process (Zano).
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Although the daemon and wallet can run on relatively modest configurations, we strongly recommend using computers that meet at least the minimum requirements listed below. Running Zano on a weaker system will increase latency as network load grows and reduce staking efficiency. In some peak‑load situations, lack of resources may cause the operating system to forcibly terminate the daemon, for example, on Unix‑like systems with little RAM the kernel's OOM killer may stop the most resource‑hungry process (Zano).
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**Requirements**
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* **CPU:** modern CPU with 4 + cores
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* **Disk:** SSD, 200 GB + free space
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* **RAM:** 32 GB +
|
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* **CPU:** modern CPU with 4 + cores
|
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* **Disk:** SSD, 200 GB + free space
|
||||
* **RAM:** 32 GB +
|
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---
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@ -22,9 +26,9 @@ You can stake in one of two ways:
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### 1. Using the Zano Desktop Application
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Simply download the application from the official Zano website, launch it, open your wallet and set the **“Staking”** checkbox to **On**. Keep in mind that enabling staking inside the wallet does not mean staking continues if the application is closed, or the computer is turned off or put to sleep. Staking produces blocks (and revenue) only while the computer is powered on, the application is running, and the internet connection is stable. Pay special attention to your system’s **Energy Saving** settings—we have often seen staking performance complaints trace back to logs showing that the computer regularly entered sleep.
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Simply download the application from the official Zano website, launch it, open your wallet and set the **"Staking"** checkbox to **On**. Keep in mind that enabling staking inside the wallet does not mean staking continues if the application is closed, or the computer is turned off or put to sleep. Staking produces blocks (and revenue) only while the computer is powered on, the application is running, and the internet connection is stable. Pay special attention to your system's **Energy Saving** settings, we have often seen staking performance complaints trace back to logs showing that the computer regularly entered sleep.
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### 2. Using the CLI Versions (`zanod` + `simplewallet`)
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### 2. Using the CLI Versions (`zanod` + `simplewallet`)
|
||||
|
||||
This approach can be used both on a home computer and on a dedicated server at a hosting provider. In the simplest case you just start `zanod` in one terminal, wait for it to synchronise, and then in another terminal start `simplewallet`, giving it the path to your wallet file and the parameters that put it into staking mode. A minimal example looks like this:
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||||
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||||
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|
@ -43,7 +47,7 @@ simplewallet --wallet-file=wallet_file.zan --rpc-bind-port=12345 --deaf --do-pos
|
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As a staker, your node will generate blocks and broadcast them to the network. From the frequency of new blocks coming from your IP address, an observer can estimate how much money is being staked in the wallet(s) on that node (especially if you are connected to the internet via a public IP address). To anonymise your IP you can use several approaches:
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||||
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||||
* **Traditional VPN services.** You hide your real IP address, but because the VPN exit IP will relay your blocks in exactly the same way, an observer can still infer the amount of coins staked that are associated with that exit IP.
|
||||
* **Restricting the node to trusted peers only.** You can configure your node so that it connects only to a set of peers that you choose and trust. As an example, below we show how to configure the node to connect only to the Zano network’s seed nodes (servers maintained by the core team):
|
||||
* **Restricting the node to trusted peers only.** You can configure your node so that it connects only to a set of peers that you choose and trust. As an example, below we show how to configure the node to connect only to the Zano network's seed nodes (servers maintained by the core team):
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
zanod --hide-my-port --use-only-priority-nodes \
|
||||
|
|
@ -63,16 +67,30 @@ zanod --hide-my-port --use-only-priority-nodes \
|
|||
* `--use-only-priority-nodes` – instructs the network layer to connect only to peers specified with `--add-priority-node`.
|
||||
* `--add-priority-node` – adds a host to the priority‑node list.
|
||||
|
||||
When configured this way, to an external observer it will look as if all blocks are evenly distributed among the listed nodes. We are not urging users to use these particular servers; toy can setup your own exit nodes or configure to nodes of someone you trust; it should be a conscious choice. The parameters described work for both the daemon (`zanod`) and the Zano Desktop application.
|
||||
When configured this way, to an external observer it will look as if all blocks are evenly distributed among the listed nodes. While we offer these nodes as part of our core infrastructure, anyone can run their own subset of nodes to accomplish the same result. You can set up your own exit nodes or configure connections to nodes of someone you trust, this should be a conscious choice based on your security requirements. The parameters described work for both the daemon (`zanod`) and the Zano Desktop application.
|
||||
|
||||
### Windows Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
To run the Zano Desktop application with the same privacy parameters on Windows, you need to create a CMD file with the following content:
|
||||
|
||||
```batch
|
||||
"C:\Program Files\Zano\Zano.exe" --hide-my-port --use-only-priority-nodes --add-priority-node="95.217.43.225:11121" --add-priority-node="94.130.137.230:11121" --add-priority-node="95.217.42.247:11121" --add-priority-node="94.130.160.115:11121" --add-priority-node="195.201.107.230:11121" --add-priority-node="95.217.46.49:11121" --add-priority-node="159.69.76.144:11121" --add-priority-node="144.76.183.143:11121"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Steps to create the CMD file:**
|
||||
|
||||
1. Open Notepad or any text editor
|
||||
2. Copy and paste the command above
|
||||
3. Save the file with a `.cmd` extension (e.g., `zano-privacy.cmd`)
|
||||
4. Double-click the CMD file to run Zano with the privacy parameters
|
||||
|
||||
**Note:** Make sure to adjust the path to `Zano.exe` if you installed the application in a different location.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## General Security Issues
|
||||
|
||||
* **Use a firewall** to protect your machine, especially if you are running a server with a public IP address. We recommend blocking all incoming connections and allowing SSH access only from the few IP addresses you use.
|
||||
* **Do not store the wallet on hosts where mining software is installed.** We have encountered several cases where miners contained malware and keyloggers that stole users’ wallet files and passwords. Ideally, if you have significant assets staking, set aside a **dedicated machine** with no other software installed.
|
||||
* **Always watch for critical network updates;** do not miss important upgrades, especially those related to hard forks. We have created a dedicated Telegram channel that publishes only such critical updates: **@zano_critical**.
|
||||
* **Do not store the wallet on hosts where mining software is installed.** We have encountered several cases where miners contained malware and keyloggers that stole users' wallet files and passwords. Ideally, if you have significant assets staking, set aside a **dedicated machine** with no other software installed.
|
||||
* **Always watch for critical network updates,** do not miss important upgrades, especially those related to hard forks. We have created a dedicated Telegram channel that publishes only such critical updates: **[@zano_critical](https://t.me/zano_critical)**.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*End of guide.*
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Reference in a new issue